Select the first letter of the word from the list above to jump to appropriate section of the glossary. If the term you are looking for starts with a digit or symbol, choose the '#' link.
Accra
is the capitol city of Ghana.
is a city (1988 est. pop. 1,686,000), capital of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa is Ethiopia's largest city, its administrative and communications center, and the main trade center for coffee (Ethiopia's chief export), tobacco, grains, and hides; much of its commerce is shipped by rail to the port of DJIBOUTI. Addis Ababa became (1889) Ethiopia's capital and was captured (1936) by the Italians and made the capital of ITALIAN EAST AFRICA. It was retaken by the Ethiopians and Allies in 1941 and returned to Ethiopian rule. A modern city, it has been the site of many international conferences and organizations, including the ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY. Notable buildings include Church of Ethiopia and Roman Catholic cathedrals. There aren't any Coptic Churches in Ethiopia (that stone church most authorities refer to is not a Coptic Church). The second seat of Christianity was under the Ethiopian Church.
asymmetrical
is an uneven placement of a set of objects, values, or
ideas in a sculpture, painting or environment in order to create balance. Example: a large
object on one side of a composition is balanced by a small object placed on the opposite
side (see symmetrical).
avant-garde
is a group regarded as pre-eminent or in the
forefront with an invention and application of new techniques in a given field. They
create enough interest in what they are doing and set a path for others to follow.
Bavaria
is the largest state (27,119 square miles) of former West Germany, in the southern part of that Western division.
Capital of Bavaria is Munich.
Black Panther Party
Black Panther Party Of Self
Defense
Was the brain child of of one man; Supreme Commander and Minister Of Defense Dr. Huey P.
Newton. In the beginning, the party had three founders; Huey P. Newton, Bobby Seales and a
Japanese American named Richard Ioki -----. Ioki dropped out of the party early. The party
was developed around concerns of the disenfranchised lumpenproletariat; first on a national level in
1966 and by 1972 on an international level. The targeted group among the proletariat was
the African American poor whom were considered to be the avant-garde.
burin
is a cutting tool used in engraving metal and wood
plates to produce an intaglio print. A burin is a
cutting tool used in producing a burr on metal. The same tool is also called a graver.
burr
a protruding jagged, or ragged edge raised on metal during drilling, shearing, puncturing,
plowing, or engraving of metal.
canvas-
This is a term artist use when they refer to almost any material made of cloth used as a
surface to paint on. Generally linen, or cotton-----
Civil Disobedience (see Henry David Thoreau)
Civil Rights Movement
The United States Civil Rights movement began February 1, 1950 when 4 freshmen
college students began the first student nonviolent sit-ins at a Woolworth's lunch counter
in Greensboro, North Carolina. With in three months, thousands of college students;
European and African American, were coming to Greensboro, taking part in the training and
development of a New Civil Rights Movement. Woolworth lunch counter was integrated with-in
three months, and by the end of that first year"... hotels, movie theaters, library
[facilities], super markets, amusement parks and a host of ....similar
establishments" were integrated as well. That same year, ninety miles to the south in
Monroe North Carolina, a young man with a slightly different philosophy, by the name of Robert Franklin Williams, was running
for Mayor of Monroe. By the time the Montgomery, Alabama "Bus Boycott" began in
1955. The student civil rights movement had been in full swing for five years and had
already set the standards for organizing large numbers of people into a peaceful
demonstration.
Crisis Magazine-
was the first African American publication to publish articles on African American Art.
Dr. William Edward Burghadt DuBois wrote the first art article in 1915 in response to a
bronze sculpture produced by Meta Warick Fuller in 1914. DuBois was
the founder and editor of Crisis Magazine, at that time.
Driskell, David C.
AUTHOR: He authored 5 exhibition books, 40 Catalogs from exhibitions he has Curated
on African American Art.
TEACHER: Between 1955 and 1997 Driskell taught art at Talladega College Howard and Fisk Universities. He was visiting professor of Art at Bowdoin College, University of Michigan, Queens College, and Obafemi Awolowo (formerly University of Ife) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
He joined the Art. Department faculty at the University of Maryland in 1977 and served as its chairman from '78 to '83. In 1995 he received the DISTINGUISHED UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSOR OF ART, at the University of Maryland, a title he still holds. To the Bottom
ART HISTORICAL/CONSULTANT: He is cited as one of the world's leading authorities on African American Art.
Driskell is one of the commissioners of the Smithsonian's National Museum of African Art and the Amistad Research Center Since 1977 he has served as Cultural advisor to Camille and Bill Cosby and curator of the Cosby Collection of Fine Arts.
In 1995 President and Mrs. Clinton asked Driskell to select an art work by an African American artist for permanent display in the White House. Henry O. Tanner's SAND DUNES AT SUNSET: ATLANTIC CITY was unveiled and installed in a ceremony in the Garden Room on October 29, 1996.
In 1989 Driskell's contribution t.o the interpretation of African American art history in the documentary HIDDEN HERITAGE, The Roots of African American Painting was produced by CUE Films of London for British Television.
In 1977 he wrote and narrated an hour long program on African Americana HIDDEN HERITAGE, commissioned by CBS television. It won a CBS award and appeared for three consecutive years following its initial airing.
He Curates the Bicentennial Exhibition for the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, entitled TWO CENTURIES OF BLACK AMERICAN ART: 1750-1950. Published by Alfred Knoff, 1976. Other exhibitions with accompanying books include:
HIDDEN HERITAGE: AFRO-AMERICAN ART, 1800-1950
HARLEM RENAISSANCE: ART OF BLACK AMERICA, an Abrams Publication 1957
CONTEMPORARY VISUAL EXPRESSIONS, Smithsonian Press,
AFRICAN AMERICAN VISUAL AESTHETICS: A POST MODERNIST VIEW, Smithsonian Press 1995.
Driskell has lectured at many art institutions and universities in America ropers Africa and South America. To mention a few include: The National Gallery of Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Brooklyn Museums art Institute of Chicago, Harvard University, Haverford College, University of California at Berkeley.
In 1996, 65 stained glass windows, designed by Driskell, were installed in the newly renovated Deforest Chapel at Talladega College his first teaching assignment in 1955, in Talladega Alabama.
Driskell, a Prolific painter, works have been exhibited in many galleries and museums.; and requests for his newer works continue to be sought. for display.
He maintains three residence with his wife Thelma, Hyattsville, MD., Falmouth, Maine and New York City.
Credit and Notes: painting titled "MASK WITH LEAVES", 1997, mixed media, size is 14" X 11". From the Margaret H. Traylor collection.
eminent
towering above others; projecting; prominent and outstanding.
"Freedom Morning"
is the title of an oil painting by Claude Clark
Germany
is a country in Western Europe. The capitol is Berlin.
Ghana
a small country located on the Atlantic Coast
of West Africa, located west of Nigeria. Ghana is
bordered on the west by Ivory Coast, in the north by Burkina Faso, the Atlantic Ocean in
the south and by Togo on the east. The capitol of Ghana is Accra.
Green, Jonathan
is an African American artist; painter and book illustrator.
Green is a member of the Gullah people of South Carolina. More information can be found in
"Gullah
Images, The Art of Jonathan Green", with Forward by Pat Conroy, Published
by University Of South Carolina Press in 1996.
prints are created from ink trapped in valleys and holes produced on metal plates. Burins, rockers and roulettes are just a few of the tools used in this
process to create the valleys and holes needed to trap the ink. See relief
printing and lithography.
Jackson, Jesse
The Rev. Jesse Jackson was a civilrights leader under the leadership of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. He has served
as a trouble shooter for the democratic party during several presidential candidate
conventions.
King, Martin Luther Jr.
Was a Baptist minister and African American leader.
Lagos
is a Portuguese word for lagoon. It is also the name of the capitol city of Nigeria. The city of Lagos is on an island in the middle
of a lagoon.
levegator
is steel disk used for grinding the surface of
litho stones used in planographic lithography
printing and metal plates used in carborgraph intaglio
printing. The outer metal sleeve on the handle of a levegator is free allowing the inside
handle to rotate and slip freely inside when one tries to swing the levegator. Thus the
disc creates a wide circular motion when one swings the handle.
(a planographic printing process), was invented by Alois Senefelder of Bavaria, in 1796. Lithography printing process operates under the assumption that water and oil don't mix. Lithography is unlike intaglio printing which prints ink trapped in valleys and holes and relief printing which prints ink resting on hills or crests. Lithothographs printing is done from an even or level plane. See photo-offset lithography printing.
lumpenproletariat
is a term used in Marxist theory to describe the lowest level of
the proletariat composing unskilled workers, vagrants, and criminals; characterized by a lack
of class consciousness. Most of the lumpens were urban dwellers. "Lack
class consciousness" was a clever means by which the communist party would use to
disenfranchise this group of people. The lumpenproletariat would not be included in any
economic improvements, or uplifting, under a communist government.
Lumpenproletariats are ignored under Capitalism as well.
mezzotint
is a form of intaglio printing.
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Nigeria
a small country located on the Atlantic Coast of West
Africa. The capitol of Nigeria is Lagos.
photo-offset printing press
this a
multiple-color web-fed offset press produced by the Miehle Company. Off set printing is an
advanced form of lithography printing. This type of
press is far different from the lithography printing presses used in printing from lime
stone blocks.[photo credits: "Preparing Art For Printing", by Bernard Stone
& Arthur Eckstein, published by Reinhold Book Company in 1965].
planographic
is a printing process whereby graphic images are transferred, or printed from a surface
that is flat. Planographic printing is done from an even or level plane. Lithography is a planographic printing process. See intaglio printing, stencil printing
and relief printing.
pre-eminent
is derived from a Latin word prae, in front of + eminere, to stand out
(see eminent). Notable above all; outstanding.
relief
prints are created from ink deposits resting on hills. An inked roller is passed
over the surface of a plate depositing ink only on the raised portions of the plate
surface. Next a paper is placed on top of the plate in order to transfer the inked plate
image to the surface of the paper. Pressure is placed on the the paper in order to create
the transfer of inked plate surface to paper surface. Relief prints are probably the
earliest forms of prints produced by humans. See intaglio printing
and lithography.
rocker
is used in producing burr,
or rough texture on a metal plates used in mezzotint
printing.
roulette
wheels have sharp jagged patterns of points used to
make a pitted textures on metal plates used in intaglio
printing..
scraper press
used in lithography printing was invented by Alois
Senefelder of Bavaria.
seventy eight recordings- sometimes referred to as 78 rpm platters
symmetrical
is an even placement of a set of objects, values, or ideas in a sculpture, painting, or
environment in order to create balance. Example: two objects the same size placed the same
distance apart to create balance in a composition (see asymmetrical).
Talladega-
is a Native American name of a princess. Talladega is a story about a tragic love
affair. The princess dies and her lover buries her facing up and her body turns into a
mountain; Talladega Mountain. People say if you look at the mountain you can see a profile
of her face and body turned skyward.
Thoreau, Henry David &
"Civil Disobedience"
(see Civil Disobedience)
tusche
is a type of grease ink used for lithograph
drawings. It is colored black so that it is easily seen during application on the
limestone, or metal plate.
Williams, Robert Franklin
Author of "Negro With Guns"
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